1.2.08

Stroj za kalendar

"Od rojenja Isukarstova u puti godišće parvo nakon tisuća i pet sat, na dvadeset i dva dni miseca aprila;" tako je lukavi Marko Marulić datirao Juditu. Čovjek je imao talenta za marketing; njušio je da će taj izvanknjiževni detalj samo povećati pikanteriju. (Ili, prevedeno: "Bio je svjestan važnosti svoga čina, pa... blabla...).

I, naravno, pita se jedan pitac vrli, što to zapravo znači?

što iz toga nadnevka zapravo doznajemo? Garantira li nam on da je Judita uistinu nastala baš onda kad autorska bilješka svjedoči da je nastala?

Pa razvija dalje:

Sih dan svetih korizmenih, poštovani u Isukrstu gospodine i kume moj, dragi dom Dujme, privraćajući ja pisma staroga testamenta namirih se na historiju one poštene i svete udovice Judite i preohologa Oloferna, koga ona ubivši oslobodi svu zemlju izraelsku jur od nadvele pogibli. Tuj historiju čtući, ulize mi u pamet da ju stumačim našim jazikom, neka ju budu razumiti i oni ki nisu naučni knjige latinske aliti dijačke. Prepričano, to znači da je Marulić u korizmi čitao Stari zavjet, da se ondje namjerio na priču o Juditi, i da mu je tada palo na um da je prevede, odnosno prepriča (istumači) na hrvatskome, kako bi je razumjeli i oni koji ne znaju latinski ili talijanski.

U ovoj prilici izdvojit ćemo samo prvu riječ posvete, riječ sih, koja znači ovih. Važna je ona zato što stoji u vezi s datumom na kraju posvete (22. travnja). Korelacija tih dvaju podataka otkriva što Marulić zapravo želi reći o vremenu nastanka Judite: on tvrdi kako je ovih korizmenih dana — a to znači korizmenih dana te iste 1501. godine — čitao Stari zavjet i stvorio odluku da priču istumači hrvatskim jezikom. Očito je, naime, da on tu posvetu piše negdje oko Uskrsa, pa ju je valjda i namijenio svome kumu Dujmu Balistriliću kao uskrsni dar; zato u predgovoru toliko i govori o darovima i darivanju. Izlazi tako da se ideja o pisanju Judite pojavila u doba korizme (u veljači ili ožujku), a za Uskrs da je spjev već bio gotov.

U nešto takvo je, međutim, teško povjerovati. Judita ima 2.126 stihova, ti su stihovi dvostruko rimovani dvanaesterci u kojima se srokovi s kraja jednog dvostiha prenose u sredinu idućega, dok je kompozicija djela prilično složena, pomno izvedena i značenjski ispunjena. Stil je opet vrlo promišljen (...) A sve to govori da Judita naprosto nije mogla nastati u tako kratku vremenu. Čak ni u slučaju da je ideja pala Maruliću na um na samu Čistu srijedu, čak ni u slučaju da je Uskrs te godine pao vrlo rano, a on da je posvetu napisao dugo nakon Uskrsa, opet nikako nije moguće pretpostaviti da bi naš pjesnik bio kadar za tako kratko vrijeme (a ono iznosi u najboljem slučaju dva mjeseca) napisati toliko složeno djelo kao što je Judita.

Filolog se, pak, pita štreberski: kad je točno bio Uskrs 1501. Kao na sva štreberska pitanja, i na ovo se može naći odgovor. I to jednim kompjuterskim programom koji radi u DOS-u.

Program se zove Historical Calendar of Western Europe, i slobodno je dostupan — poput brda DOS-baštine — na internetu. HC se može skinuti sa www.museumsservice.de. Pokrenuti ga možete — ako je vaš OS zaboravio što je to DOS, ili ako je slavni "command prompt" predobro skriven — pomoću DOSbox emulatora.

I onda, za travanj 1501, vidite nešto ovako:
HC-1501-travanj
To znači da je Uskrs bio dobrih 11 dana prije 22. travnja i da Marulić prilično kasni s "uskršnjim darom" (i da posvetu piše u četvrtak). A isti nam kalendar, nekoliko stranica ranije, kaže da je korizma 1501. počela u posljednjem tjednu veljače (Pepelnica je bila 24. veljače).

Je li MM mogao 2.126 stihova napisati u 56 dana (pišući, dakle, oko 38 stihova — jednu stranicu — dnevno)? Autor pitanja odlučan je: "naprosto nije" — a sam ima itekakvog iskustva što se pisanja tiče. No, suprotno njemu, meni to i ne izgleda tako pretjerano... za čovjeka Cinquecenta (sjetimo se — njihovo je geslo non multa, sed multum).

Ova je pseudo-znanstvena crtica, naravno, samo izgovor za igranje još jednim ezoteričnim programčićem (tako je to kad si čovjek zabrani bona fide kompjuterske igre).

4 komentara:

Anonimno kaže...

Možda je pisao jedan dan dvjestopedes stihova, drugi dan igrao igrice, onda opet jedno tristotinjak stihova, pa kopao po DOS-u cijeli dan, onda pisao cijelu noć, pa se nakupilo, a naravno da nije stigao do uskršnjeg dedlajna.

Anonimno kaže...

čim je pseudoznanstveno razumljivije mi je. dviz.

Anonimno kaže...

“Come, we shall have some fun now!” thought Alice. “I’m glad they’ve begun asking riddles—I believe I can guess that,” she added, aloud.
“Do you mean that you think you can find out the answer to it?” said the March Hare.
“Exactly so,” said Alice.
“Then you should say what you mean,” the March Hare went on.
“I do,” Alice hastily replied; “at least—at least I mean what I say—that’s the same thing, you know.”
“Not the same thing a bit!” said the Hatter. “Why, you might just as well say that ’I see what I eat’ is the same thing as ’I eat what I see’!”
“You might just as well say,” added the March Hare, “that ’I like what I get’ is the same thing as ’I get what I like’!”
“You might just as well say,” added the Dormouse, which seemed to be talking in its sleep, “that ’I breathe when I sleep’ is the same thing as ’I sleep when I breathe’!”
“It is the same thing with you,” said the Hatter, and here the conversation dropped, and the party sat silent for a minute, while Alice thought over all she could remember about ravens and writing-desks, which wasn’t much.
The Hatter was the first to break the silence. “What day of the month is it?” he said, turning to Alice: he had taken his watch out of his pocket, and was looking at it uneasily, shaking it every now and then, and holding it to his ear.
Alice considered a little, and then said, “The fourth.”
“Two days wrong!” sighed the Hatter. “I told you butter wouldn’t suit the works!” he added, looking angrily at the March Hare.
“It was the best butter,” the March Hare meekly replied.
“Yes, but some crumbs must have got in as well,” the Hatter grumbled: "you shouldn’t have put it in with the bread-knife.”
The March Hare took the watch and looked at it gloomily: then he dipped it into his cup of tea, and looked at it again: but he could think of nothing better to say than his first remark, “It was the best butter, you know.”
Alice had been looking over his shoulder with some curiosity. “What a funny watch!” she remarked. “It tells the day of the month, and doesn’t tell what o’clock it is!”
“Why should it?” muttered the Hatter. “Does your watch tell you what year it is?”
“Of course not,” Alice replied very readily: “but that’s because it stays the same year for such a long time together.”
“Which is just the case with mine,” said the Hatter.
Alice felt dreadfully puzzled. The Hatter’s remark seemed to her to have no sort of meaning in it, and yet it was certainly English. “I don’t quite understand you,” she said, as politely as she could.
“The Dormouse is asleep again,” said the Hatter, and he poured a little hot tea upon its nose.
The Dormouse shook its head impatiently, and said, without opening its eyes, “Of course, of course: just what I was going to remark myself.”
“Have you guessed the riddle yet?” the Hatter said, turning to Alice again.
“No, I give it up,” Alice replied. “What’s the answer?”
“I haven’t the slightest idea,” said the Hatter.
“Nor I,” said the March Hare.
Alice sighed wearily. “I think you might do something better with the time,” she said, “than wasting it in asking riddles that have no answers.”
“If you knew Time as well as I do,” said the Hatter, “you wouldn’t talk about wasting it. It’s him.”
“I don’t know what you mean,” said Alice.
“Of course you don’t!” the Hatter said, tossing his head contemptuously. “I dare say you never even spoke to Time!”
“Perhaps not,” Alice cautiously replied; “but I know I have to beat time when I learn music.”
“Ah! That accounts for it,” said the Hatter. “He won’t stand beating. Now, if you only kept on good terms with him, he’d do almost anything you liked with the clock. For instance, suppose it were nine o’clock in the morning, just time to begin lessons: you’d only have to whisper a hint to Time, and round goes the clock in a twinkling! Half-past one, time for dinner!”
("I only wish it was,” the March Hare said to itself in a whisper.)

Anonimno kaže...

Omnia sol temperat
purus et subtilis,
novo mundo reserat faciem Aprilis

i ono dalje!